A Separate Peace Essay -- essays research papers

A Separate Peace Managing adversaries has been an issue since the get-go. â€Å"I never executed anybody,† Gene had remarked later in his life, â€Å"And I never built up a serious degree of contempt for the adversary. Since my war finished before I at any point put on a uniform, I was training for deployment all my time at Devon; I killed my adversary there.† In A Separate Peace, by John Knowles, the benefit of managing foes is appeared by Gene, who was managing hardly any human adversaries, yet his feelings made far more noteworthy opponents than any human would ever gangs. One of the adversaries that Gene made for himself was envy. Quality was desirous of everything about Finny. The receptiveness which Finny had was one of these things which Gene begrudged. One episode of Finny’s transparency was the point at which he wore the pink shirt. By wearing this he was â€Å"symbolizing the first U.S. shelling in Europe.† Gene essentially answered to the shirt by calling Finny â€Å"nuts,† yet where it counts inside Gene was envious of Finny’s intensity. Another occurrence of Finny’s receptiveness, or strength is the point at which he wore the school tie as a belt. Quality was tensely sitting tight for Finny to get hollered at, but since of his receptiveness he had the option to convince his path not to stumble into difficulty. Finny guaranteed that he wore the tie as a belt since it spoke to â€Å"Devon in the War.† Again, Gene was desirous of Finny’s receptiveness to make up a story and â€Å"get away with ev erything.† Another of Gene’s foes is his displeasure. Alone, his displeasure is mellow, however when blended in with his je...

Current Issues in Social Work Essay Example

Current Issues in Social Work Essay Example Current Issues in Social Work Essay Current Issues in Social Work Essay Web). They were bviously excused because of the failings of the consideration of a little child. The two social specialists never showed up at the Employment Appeal Tribunal in focal London, in this manner the Judge Mr. Equity Wilkie announced that their allure was excused. Christou and Ward were both sacked when it was found that there was a timeframe in mid-2007 that they didnt know the whereabouts of youthful Peter. Ward likewise neglected to see Peter once like clockwork. Both social specialists were suspended by a General Social Care Council disciplinary board of trustees in 2010. Ward got a multi month suspension while Christou got a multi month suspension. These ladies likewise confessed to neglecting to guarantee the wellbeing of youthful Peter. They additionally conceded that they didnt visit him enough, they said they didnt keep precise records and they forgot about him for quite a while. Not exclusively did the two social specialists get disciplinary activity, however Peters mother Tracey Connelly, her beau Steven Barker, and his sibling Jason Owen were Jailed in May 2009 for causing or permitting the young men passing (The Huffington Post 13K, Web). Tracey Connelly was condemned toa least of five years for the demise of her child. She was first qualified for parole in August of 2012. The board didnt discharge her. Connelly confessed that she caused and permitted the passing of Peter. She conceded this not long after being charged and served a few hundred days in jail. The load up relooked her case for a subsequent opportunity and arrived to the resolution that Connelly will presently stay on parole for an amazing remainder and in the event that she penetrates any of the conditions, she will most likely be reviewed to care. There have been reports saying that Connelly will be given another name and haircut so she can live anonymously among the open world. She won't have a full new personality (The Independent, Web). Tracey Connellys ex-darling, Steven Barker, was likewise Jailed for he demise of Peter. He was the one that beat him to his demise. Barker was condemned to life in jail. He was condemned to a base frequently years for the assault of a multi year old young lady. He was given at least twelve years for the demise of Peter. The term will run simultaneously (The Independent, Web). Filling in as a social specialist there is a 100% conviction that there will be many case over-burdens that should be managed. It will be a ton of work, however that is the Job that is being taken on. Over-burden can cause pressure and excessively extended periods of time. These extended periods of time can make the Job a lot harder. Visiting a case gets confounded. The brain gets pressure and doesn't give a lot of consideration to detail. At the point when this happens a case can be disregarded. Something can happen like on account of Baby P. When something happens like this then the social laborer can get Jail time, terminated, or sued. A social laborer can get sued for some reasons. They can get sued for wrong treatment, sexual inappropriateness, break of certainty and protection, disappointment of finding, inaccurate conclusion, self destruction of patient, ill-advised referral, loss of assessment, infringement of social liberties, and so on Just one error can prompt a claim. Getting sued is certainly not something to be thankful for. It can require some investment and cash. This can likewise cause somebody to lose their Jobs. Any social laborer can get sued on the off chance that they dont watch out for things. Alongside case over burdens and getting sued a social specialist can get enthusiastic impacts. There is such a great amount of weight in the field of social work. The weight influencing the passionate prosperity. As indicated by a study by BASW The College of Social Work a year ago, 66% of social specialists said the Job caused them passionate or mental flimsiness and Just under half said they had gotten some much needed rest because of stress( News and Features Ltd,Web). The work caused worry as was talked about before this causes enthusiastic issues. Being in circumstances where somebody kicks the bucket for a situation you are chipping away at can likewise cause some enthusiastic unsteadiness. Envision being the individual accountable for somebody that has kicked the bucket and living with it. There are numerous things in the field of social work that can cause an enthusiastic breakdown. Joe Lepper was managing an extreme maltreatment case, his issues began before long. He discovered tough situations with this case since he began to get passing dangers from the childs father. Joe had an excruciating youth, and these dangers he got made him think about those recollections of adolescence. Joe before long got captivated by the childs predicament. In view of his fixation on this one case the entirety of his different cases got irrelevant. His casework started to slip. He began to feel hatred among his individual childrens social work partners. His fixation additionally made it so the advancement he had been progressing in the direction of evaded him. This is the advancement he had needed for such a long time and he Just let it get past him. Thus Joe began drinking to assist him with dealing with his melancholy. His drinking before long made his marriage self-destruct. He arrived at where he couldn't so his Job appropriately. He had gotten disheartened. He turned out to be depressed, and he was approved a drawn out wiped out leave. Joe had experienced a pressure related burnout. It changed with his feelings ( News and Features Ltd,Web). Another issue a social specialist may have is public activities intruding on work lives. A case of this is a customers kid and the social laborers kid could go to a similar school. Both the customer and the social laborer must go to similar gatherings held at the school. As an expert the social laborer isnt OK with being at the gatherings when the customer is there. The social laborer will most likely be unable to vocalize thoughts because of dread of losing the customer ecause of various perspectives. There are limit issues with the relationship, and as an expert the social specialist must secure those limits. Social laborers ought not participate in double or various associations with customers or previous customers in which there are dangers of misuse or potential damage to the customer. In cases when double or various connections are unavoidable, social specialists should find a way to ensure customers and are liable for setting clear, proper, and socially touchy limits (Dual Relationships and Boundary Management in Social Work Practice, Web). This implies it would not be proper for the social specialist to participate in the gatherings with the customer in nearness. , The social specialist would need to deliver the limit to ensure that they comprehend why the social laborer needs to isolate his own life and expert work. Social laborers of various kinds have numerous issues. They take on a difficult Job. Extended periods of time, case over-burdens, feelings, and limit the board are all piece of the Job. A social laborer should show restraint to take care of business. They should be eager to strive to exceed expectations in this field. A social specialist must have a spine.

Texting While Driving How to Write Persuasive Essay

Texting While Driving How to Write Persuasive Essay Unlike an informative essay, a persuasive one sets itself convincing the reader of the author’s point of view as an object. It is also called an argumentative essay. As for the texting while driving persuasive essay, it has to inform the reader about the danger of this matter and your own opinion concerning it. The key elements of the paper may differ. Sometimes it can contain statistics provided by the road services or the examples of bitter experience. The following text will tell, how to write a persuasive essay on texting and driving. Persuasive Essay About Texting While Driving: The Basics Like any other paper, this essay has its own structure. It will depend on the number of words in your limit, but usually, you need to build it according to this outline for persuasive essay on texting while driving: 1 paragraph (10-20% of the text) â€" the introduction, where the key point is written clearly; 3-4 paragraphs (70-80% of the text) â€" the body of the paper, where you give examples, explain your opinion and number pros and cons of the happening; 1 paragraph (10% of the text) â€" the conclusion, where you sum up everything written into several short understandable sentences. Any kinds of additions to the essay on how to write a persuasive essay about texting while driving are optional. The cornerstone of any persuasive essay is research. The peculiarity of the texting while driving topic is the fact that you probably will not find much information in libraries. This reason for road accidents is new for our society. They haven’t described it in textbooks or guides yet, and so the best variants for you are newspapers or the Internet. The newspapers’ filings can be used to describe the road accidents which happened in your locality. The Internet is useful for gathering more global statistics. You may not focus only on the grave consequences of texting while driving. A good persuasive essay against texting while driving must have some solutions for solving this problem but not only accusations or cautions. Mention traffic rules or gadgets developed for this situation. The Format of Persuasive Essay on Texting While Driving The writer must stick to the corresponding format of the paper. The text must not contain any kind of slang or foul language. Every source of information has to be cited according to the regulations of the chosen style. We will go deep into the details: Position. The position or the thesis must be strong, actual, active and uncompromising. You have to persuade the reader; being faced both ways will not do well for you in writing texting while driving persuasive essay. A good position will sound like: “Several Easy Steps to Prevent Texting While Driving from Killing”, and a bad one will be: “Is Texting While Driving As Scary As We Are Told?”. You may leave your reader open-minded guessing one’s own opinion. But he or she still has to see your definite attitude towards the problem. Topics. Understandable topics will help you to support your thoughts. You need to compress each paragraph into one short phrase or statement. It will not only help your argument to flow but will help the reader not to become confused, especially if the essay takes more than three pages. Background. No one will believe you without evidence. Any example of persuasive essay on texting while driving you can find on the Internet contains a wide list of information sources. As it has been already told, the most relevant are any kinds of statistics, the opinions of well-known experts, books, specialized journals and newspapers. Check the following examples: the statement “Almost a half of all drivers are against a ban of texting while driving” will lose in persuasion to this one “Almost 66 thousand drivers use phones while driving”. The last one holds a hyperlink to the source. The problem with the sources also concerns the question of how to write an persuasive essay on texting while driving outline. You should try to build up the structure of the essay in the manner to make the sources grow in their strength and relevancy. Try to put one irresistible fact in the beginning. Then, step by step, increase the number of facts and arguments in order to thrill your audience and whip up their attention to the problem. All facts, graphics, videos, and statistics that claim to be more interesting than persuasive should be held in the auxiliary part of your essay. Sentences. Each sentence should have only one point or argument. There is no need to use too extended phrases. You have to concentrate on the purpose of your essay: the problem of texting while driving should be clear for everyone. A long statement with several facts in it will definitely confuse the reader. Check the following simple example. The sentence “According to the recent research, people who text while driving lose 70% of concentration and are twice more likely to get into an accident than careful drivers.”, can be easily divided into two parts without losing sense: “People who text while driving lose 70% of concentration.” and “According to the same research, they are twice more likely to get into a road accident.” Plus, making short sentences is much easier for an author. How to Persuade Your Audience? Talking about tips on writing persuasive essay on texting while driving, one should not forget about persuasion tricks that will help to convince anybody of everything. In this type of paper, many techniques prohibited in other essays are welcome. See what you need to know for the first time: Try to use more reiteration. The main idea of your essay must become a clue piercing every paragraph. Make the readers not forget about your opinion. This approach has been known since ancient times and became one of the basics of rhetorics. Just recall the origins of the Roman saying “Delenda est Carthago”. Mostly all persuasive essay examples texting while driving will include quotations. Anyone will believe a statement covered by any authoritative character. In the case of texting while driving you can use the thoughts sounded by famous riders, engineers, automobile developers or road experts. Make the problem look really dangerous. Mention that texting while driving will cause road accidents, and its victims are not only careless drivers but pedestrians as well. Hence the problem concerns everyone. That is why it is important to watch how your text corresponds to the target audience. Try to please those who drive. Obviously, the essay is written especially for them. However, do not forget about those who haven’t a car yet and are just going to purchase it. Sound like a professional. The statement about extended sentence prohibition does not touch the possibility to use special turns of speech peculiar to a formal and scientific language. All unnecessary words, uncertain phrases, and interjections will give you up as an amateur. Guess all arguments against your position beforehand. Your essay will win if it doesn’t leave any unanswered questions behind. In our case, they may concern the special gadgets, voice texting, lack of traffic regulation, etc. Make your reader stay silent for a long time. Give some time for yourself. Do not try to make it as quickly as possible. Every step must be considered. The gathering of facts and evidence will probably take the biggest part of your time. Everything Is Possible If You Have a Helping Hand And sometimes you just do not have enough time. Persuasion is not a simple process. You have to turn the whole system of people’s conceptions about texting while driving upside down. The growing accident statistics is a good proof. Somehow this kind of essay has got many commons with officials’ speeches. And, as you know, they do not write speeches by themselves. So, sometimes, when you do not feel knowledgeable about the problem of texting while driving enough, you seek help. The best way to the prominent essay is hiring a writer here. What are the main pros? First of all, the subject is sore for us. Our writers drive cars and know that driving and texting simultaneously is dangerous in the first hand. Secondly, we will pick the best structure of the essay. The best persuasive essay outline on texting while driving will depend on the number of needed sources, pages limit and the level of writing. Anyway, you will get a prominent plan of your essay with all details needed. Thirdly, mind the great experience of our team. They have got used to writing any kinds of essays for many years, so they will not let you down with typical “novice” mistakes: lack of argumentation, irrelevant sources, etc. We reread and proofread any essay for many times. If you need your texting while driving persuasive essay to be professionally blended, served to you in time and without glitches, ask us for help. When you need to get the best result from the toughest assignment, you call us. Do not hesitate! Let us know about your persuasive essay on driving and texting, and we will gladly help you!

The War Between Capitalism And Communism Essay - 2086 Words

Imperialism has been the cause of many issues throughout history, and can be considered the root of the underlying causes of the Vietnam Wars. In two memoirs, â€Å"The Red Earth† by Tran Tu Binh and â€Å"No Other Road to Take† by Nguyen Thi Dinh, we see how the French imperialism and oppression of the Vietnamese people started as a local problem, but soon escalated to an international problem. The war between capitalism and communism changed how the Vietnamese saw the French in their country and the realization of wanting to be one sovereign country not ruled by another led to the war and the creation of the nation of Vietnam. Industrialists and politicians alike from France saw Vietnam as a gold mine. From the access to natural resources and Asian markets to the idea of civilizing a population to increase their international standing as a world power, the opportunity in Vietnam seemed too good to be true. The largest industry in Vietnam was the rubber industry which, although was a profitable agricultural endeavor, basically turned Vietnamese into slaves within their own country. The French were able to manipulate the Vietnamese into believing that they were doing this for their benefit by telling them â€Å"workers would go for a period of three years †¦ there would be three square meals a day, with beef and fish; that there would be seven kilograms of rice a month, and two suits of work clothes a year; that in the case of illness workers would be cared for and would not have to payShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War : A Battle Between Capitalism And Communism1435 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cold War: A Battle Between Capitalism and Communism The Cold War began not very long after the end of World War II in 1945. Despite the fact that, the Soviet Union was an essential part of the Allied Powers, there was certainly a great amount of distrust between the Soviet Union and what remains of the Allies, specifically the United States. The Allies were worried about Stalin s ruthless leadership and also the spread of communism. The Cold War was a long stretch of tension between the US andRead MoreCommunism : A Economic System921 Words   |  4 PagesThe Communism is Karl Marx’s ideal economic system, which promotes a central plan economy. A central plan economic is when the government places quotas on companies that manufacturers goods. After the end of World War II the spread of Communism began to raise in the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union is the makeup of different European, African, and Asian countries. Communism seem to be a utopia to the poor and working classes of these countries, because of the dismantled the bour geois and proletarianRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War was a state of political and military tension stemming from World War II fought primarily between the United States and the Soviet Union. Although the start and end dates of the Cold War are frequently disputed over, it is generally accepted that the conflict started at the conclusion of the Second World War and stemmed from the social climate and lingering tensions in Europe and the increasing power struggles between the Soviet Union and the United States. Along with economic separationRead MoreConflict Theory Essay1066 Words   |  5 Pageslike Karl Marx to create their own version of conflict theory. Karl Marx was a German Philosopher whose works are mainly reflected from his social economic theories. Also, he is well known by the critics against capitalism, and how it was necessary step on the road toward communism. â€Å"Communism is a system in which property and labor are all held i n common†. This system took a while to receive fame. Until, nations such as the Soviet Union and many other nations began forming their government and economyRead MoreThe Cold War1676 Words   |  7 PagesHistorical Context: The Cold War started by the end of the Second World War. The aim of this war was to spread opposing ideologies of Capitalism and Communism by the two world superpowers without the result of a hot war. The war was between the Capitalist West - namely: the United States of America, Britain and France – and Communist East – known to be Russia and all the satellite states which communism had taken over. An agreement made at the Yalta meeting of 1945 was that Germany would be dividedRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1233 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War is unique among war’s to be not a war between states, but a war between ideologies. The United States and other allies defend social democracy capitalism, as the pinnacle of freedom and equality; and the Soviet Union though communism was the pinnacle of equality. These ideologies manifested themselves through the superpowers, which caused the conflict between them. Both the United States, and the Soviet Unio n are to blame for the outbreak of the Cold War. The United State’s missionRead MoreThe Cold War : Communism And Capitalism997 Words   |  4 Pages The Cold War When the cold war began, no one thought that it would last as long as it did. Many people thought the war was caused by fighting, and there were some people that thought it was caused by the conflicts of communism and capitalism, so who was right? Well we only know what we read in our history books which says that it was caused by the conflicts of communism and capitalism. Was this the real reason for the cold war? In my essay I will give details about the cold war and tell whyRead MoreCold War: Capatalism v. Communism873 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Capitalism v. Communism† During the Cold War, Europe was split between communist countries and non-communist countries. The strife was caused by the differences in the underlying values in capitalism and communism. During this time, the United States and the Soviet Union also had opposing ideologies. Despite the differing ideologies of capitalism and communism, both have affected the political, cultural, and economic development of Third World countries. Capitalism is â€Å"a way of organizing anRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1160 Words   |  5 Pagesconflicts and wars fought over communism and capitalism. One of the longest and intense conflicts was the Cold War. â€Å"The Cold War was a nearly 50-year long period of tense relations between the United States and the Communist-ruled Soviet Union. The Cold War began almost immediately after World War II and ended with the 1991 dismantling of the Berlin Wall and the dissolution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics† (Turner, 2001-2014 p.1). The Soviets fought to expand communism and destroy capitalismRead MoreCommunism And The Soviet Union Essay1672 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction After the end of world war, the world was divided into two ideological blocks. The eastern bloc popularly known as the United Socialist Soviet of Russia (USSR) and the western bloc dominated by United States and European countries. Now the Soviet Union supported socialist economic ideology and was prepared to ensure that the socialist countries remained socialist-by all means. On the other hand, United States and allies were for capitalism and were determined to spread it as far as

Planning For My Academic Success - 1260 Words

Planning for My Academic Success Jennifer Barr GEN/201 Facilitator Barry West September 19, 2014 Establishing and maintaining a strict schedule where I can nurture my academic needs is essential to the successful completion of my chosen degree in Information Technology. Creating a workable, yet demanding schedule is essential because every day I am faced with circumstances that could potentially interrupt my education indefinitely if I allow them to. Being almost six months pregnant puts a lot of strain on me as a student. There are days I feel completely exhausted and as if my mind has been wiped clean. Reminding myself that I have to fill the timeslots I assigned each day for school work keeps me focused. By the end of the week I’ve met my own short-term goal which consequently, fulfills my long-term goals as well. It is crucial to set and acknowledge goals to progress from course to course without feeling overwhelmed and discouraged. Setting goals is productive for me because it defines the responsibilities at hand. As I move through, conquering small goal after small goal, the larger goals previously established will be met and a sense of accomplishment will be enjoyed. Throughout this course a primary focus has been familiarizing myself with individual learning styles. After completing the Ethical Lens Inventory I discovered my preferred style was the Results Lens. Specifically this means that to obtain desired results I tend toShow MoreRelatedPersonal Responsibility and College Success Essay example1018 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Responsibility and College Success Desiree Rinker GEN/200 Professor Norma Nitkowski June 30, 2012 Personal Responsibility and College Success Even though personal responsibility varies from person to person,Read MoreAcademic Success : Career Goals1088 Words   |  5 PagesAcademic Success Educational success is important if you want to reach the goals for a successful career in life. 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The mind requires visual milestonesRead MoreGoal Statement1263 Words   |  6 PagesPh.D. in Human Services, specialization; Human Services Administration My primary goal in applying to Walden University for Ph.D. program is to prepare myself for a future career in forensic human services administration. Interested in furthering the current body of research and in improving techniques used on the study of the theoretical foundations of organizational behavior and the practice of management and planning. I am very committed to pursuing human services administration and I believeRead MoreThe Position Of President For Phoenix College889 Words   |  4 Pagesallow me to share my 20 years of higher education experience successfully leading and working collaboratively with the community, administration, faculty and staff to accomplish the institution’s mission. 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Hamlet Ghost Appearances Free Essays

Structured Notebook # 2 2. Analyze the three appearances of the ghost seen in the play. Where did he appear: To whom did he appear? How does the third appearance differ from the first two? What was the significance in this? The appearances of the ghost were both eerie and informing in the book â€Å"Hamlet† by William Shakespeare. We will write a custom essay sample on Hamlet Ghost Appearances or any similar topic only for you Order Now The three appearances made by the ghost were to be seen and acknowledged, give hamlet his message of revenge, and to remind Hamlet of his duty. First the ghost appeared to be seen and acknowledged. The guards have seen the ghost outside and invited Horatio to see it for himself. They told people it was the old king of Denmark’s ghost. Which was hamlet’s Father. Horatio is one of Hamlet’s friend and also skeptical about there actually being a ghost. But not long after he joined the guards that night he saw the ghost appear. Marcellus, one of the guards, said, â€Å"Thou art a scholar; speak to it, Horatio. † Horatio tried to make it speak but it quickly left. Horatio rushed to go tell Hamlet. Secondly, the ghost appeared to give his message to Hamlet. When Hamlet first saw his father ghost in the courtyard, the ghost wanted him to follow him. The guards warned him the ghost might lead him to his death. But Hamlet was quick to respond that he had no longer wished living for his mother had married his uncle in a matter of weeks after his father’s death. He already felt devastated and betrayed. When the ghost finally spoke to Hamlet, it told him that he was killed out by his garden by his brother Claudius. Who was now king. He tells hamlet to avenge him by killing Claudius but sparing his mother Gertrude and leaving her for God’s judgment. Hamlet vows revenge for his father and sets off on his plan. Thirdly, after the play that was supposed to imitate the killing of his father by Claudius, Hamlet was seeking his mother because she had wanted to talk to him. It was actually a plan made by Claudius and Polonius for him to give his mother answers about his weird behavior. On his way he saw Claudius praying in the chapel. He wanted to kill him but didn’t because he thought ince he prayed he would go to heaven. He would have to wait till he sinned. When he got to his mother he found Polonius hiding and killed him. He was yelling at her about Claudius not comparing to his father at all and how he was the lowest of low and the ghost appeared again. He told Hamlet to not forget what he was supposed to be doing. Which was killing Claudius. Not bashing his mom and killing Polonius and wasting time. He listens to his father’s ghost, although his mother did not see the ghost, and takes off. He grabs Polonius body to hide it and goes on with his plan. In conclusion, the three appearances by the ghost were made to be seen and acknowledged, give Hamlet his message of revenge, and to remind Hamlet of his duty. William Shakespeare has been a famous author of writing tragedies like this one here. His writing about the appearance of a ghost gives more life to his writings. The appearances were very interesting, spooky, and a main part in how this writing was achieved. How to cite Hamlet Ghost Appearances, Papers

Duopoly Coles vs Woolworths free essay sample

For most of us its just part of everyday life decisions. Where to shop for the week, Coles or Woolworths? Should I drink Pepsi or Coke today? Do I go to MYER or David Jones to buy new make up from? We take in consideration a few prices, how convenient it will be to get there, what would we rather do, and that’s it. But there’s something bigger behind this. What is the impact on such big rivals, for us and the economy? It’s not just about personal choices. Living and studying in Australia for the past 11 months, going to do my grocery shopping at Coles or at Woolworths has become part of my routine. And because it is such an ordinary thing to do, we tend to forget that we make part of a much bigger picture, and are contributing to several factors regarding the Australian economy. However, this race for the best has its advantages and disadvantages, and of course, this is affecting us as well. The Price War One of the advantages of this never ending battle for us customers, are the low prices. Because there is such a big competition for prices, each of the supermarket brands will try to make it as affordable as possible to the consumer, as a reaction to get competitive advantage. One big example of this war is the milk price. Both supermarkets can sell milk for $1. It is very difficult to make any profit if you’re selling products at such a low price, as Rob Murray, the chief executive for the food and beverage group Lion stated. However this issue does not affect us consumers on a day-to-day basis, and the low prices keep us happy and of course, keep us shopping at these big supermarkets. Everyone wins with the Rewards Programs Another good thing for the shoppers at these two big chains is the rewards systems they have. And we win again. Despite the cheaper price war having been leaded by Coles the majority of times, Woolworths seems to have another way of fighting. Their CEO Grant O’Brien came out with a new strategy: the Everyday Rewards. The more the customer shops, the more discount they get. Users of the cards get exclusive offers, discount on fuel and can even earn Qantas flyer points. And not only in Woolworths, they have retail partners like Big W, Dick Smith and Cellarmasters that will also benefit the customer. Coles also has their rewards system, the Flybuys. With this card, apart from the exclusive offers on Coles and affiliated firms products, the customer collects points at every purchase, which can later be changed by different prizes. But this is not only good for the consumers. Its basically the company saying that they will give us prizes, in exchange for our information. A Rewards system allows the firm to collect data about their customers, which they can use in their favour, to create loyalty and promote trust. With the Everyday Rewards, Woolworths has been able to collect a good amount of information, while Flybuys is still in the process of build its strength. Easy and Simple Another very good thing for the customer about these two big brands is the convenience. Everywhere we go, every big shopping center and busy area in a suburb will have at least one of the two, if not both. Coles and Woolworths have very strong analysts that will know where to place their shops, and if there is an area lacking one, it’s probably not because they are still to build one, but because that are would not be so profitable yet. So for us, wherever we want to shop, we can always find one of these, and do not have to travel any long distance to get to one of these stores, as they are located almost everywhere too. Even for the most loyal customer from the small shops, sometimes it’s a lot more convenient to visit one of the big supermarkets, and they will end up buying something from there. Someone might be losing Unfortunately it’s not all flowers. For us to be paying such low prices, someone is losing money somewhere, and it’s not the big supermarkets. Because they are such big brands, suppliers need to have their products in their shelf. Coles and Woolworths claim they have built very strong relationships with their suppliers, and it might be true, but a lot of the smaller suppliers are getting ripped off. They â€Å"bully† the suppliers to sell their products at really low prices, and they know they have this power, otherwise they won’t sell enough. They will also charge more to have the  products placed in good positions on their shelves. A lot of the times the prices suppliers are charging are so small, that they are struggling to survive with these sales, and it generates another whole big problem. Creating Enemies The ones losing with the big duopoly from Coles and Woolworths are the smaller suppliers, and the smaller shops too. But not every customer is just happy in paying small prices, they want to make sure everyone involved is protected. For this reason, there is a big pressure on ACCC from suppliers and the smaller businesses which don’t have a chance to compete. There is a party called Australian Green, and they fight strong against the practices these two supermarkets have againg farmers and small suppliers. Their objective, as they state on the website, is to â€Å"tackle the supermarket duopoly†, and the measures they are willing to take are strong. For example, put a temporary ban on expansion from Coles and Woolworths, or stopping this duopoly to purchase agricultural land, so they can’t control the whole supply chain. The ACCC is also holding an investigation about the bullying of suppliers. While most of us will not care that much about the situation these su ppliers are in, or will not have option to shop somewhere else, there is a big group who does care. These are customers who are willing to pay more, but do their groceries in a small shop so they can help that business, and also do not buy the products from exploited suppliers. No more competition Unfortunately, the group of very unhappy customers mentioned before is not large enough to make sure the small businesses will survive. With such low prices and big chains, the two major supermarkets will not give a chance for a smaller business to survive in the middle of this war. It is just impossible to compete with the two major supermarkets prices and their powerful middlemen, and the small shops start disappearing. Without competition, a lot of the products that do not have space on Coles or Woolworths shelves may also disappear, and this will also have a big impact on the economy as there is unemployment rising. This process will damage Australia food’s industry, and with the lack of new firms it might mean a lack of new products, and the whole market can go stale. Tricking the customers To have products at such low prices, as it was mentioned before, the suppliers will end up losing. But the customers might also lose sometimes. For example, the free range eggs case. Both Coles and Woolworths claim that they want to help customers switch from industrialised to free range eggs, by cutting the prices on the second one. However, the suppliers pay for the price that we are not, as it is impossible to have a free range egg production at such low prices. The customer will end up buying free range eggs thinking they are contributing to improve the animal welfare standards from the supermarkets, however, they do not know that they are still purchasing the â€Å"industrialised† free range eggs, the free range version of these two big supermarkets. Even though it seems there are more disadvantages to small businesses and suppliers than there are advantages for us customers, it is not the number, but the quality of these advantages that count. This battle is far from the end, because it is not likely that the masses will stop shopping at Coles or Woolworths anytime soon. However, the ones that are more conscious about it can only expect that it will make a difference in the future, when the ACCC take strong measures or the political inaction ends, and someone who genuinely cares and is strong enough to change this is put in charge. In the meanwhile, we will keep enjoying the convenience to just walk for 10 minutes and find a shop, or receive rewards and discount on products and even fuel, and keep ignoring all the ones losing from this. In the end, it is a battle and someone will lose. If not the big duopolistic market, a part of the population will pay.

The Bidvest Group Limited is a services, trading, Essays

The Bidvest Group Limited is a services, trading, and distribution company. The Group was founded in 1988 by Brian Joffe and listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange in 1990. The Group owns or has significant holdings in over 300 companies. Stock price : BVT (JSE) 15,673.00 ZAC -658.00 (-4.03%) Feb 28, 11:48 AM GMT+2 - Disclaimer CEO : The current CEO is Lindsay Peter Ralphs (May 23, 2016-) Headquarters : Johannesburg, South Africa Founder : Brian Joffe Founded : formed in the year 1988 Number of employees : 117,000 Subsidiaries : BFS Group Ltd , Bidvest Insurance , HYPERLINK "https://www.google.com/search?q=BidAir+Cargostick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAOPgE-LSz9U3SK6yTDEoUgKzsw1y0s0KtTQzyq30k_NzclKTSzLz8_Tzi9IT8zKrEkGcYqvi0qTizJTMxKLM1GIAyQjlGEUAAAAsa=Xved=0ahUKEwjo_dH0xLLSAhXGXhoKHQc6BxUQmxMImgEoAzAU" bidAir Cargo Leadership [ HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bidvest_Groupaction=editsection=2" \o "Edit section: Leadership" edit ] The Bidvest Group Limited board comprises fourteen members: six executive directors, one non-executive director, and seven independent non-executive directors. Directorate Independent non-executive chairman Lorato Phalatse (54) BA Political Science (Hons) University of Leeds UK MA Southern African Studies University of York UK Appointed: Appointed as director on April 20 2012 and as chairman during September 2012 Lorato is a non-executive director of Pick n Pay. Lorato has held various positions over the years including deputy director general in the office of the President and a number of other positions in the FMCG and retail banking sectors. Lorato was CEO and co-founder of Nozala Investments, a woman-led and controlled investment company. In 2016 Lorato was appointed independent non-executive director of Bid Corporation Limited. Group chief executive Lindsay Peter Ralphs (61) CA( SA) Qualification: B.Com, BAcc , CA( SA), Appointed: May 10 1992. Lindsay Ralphs was appointed a Director of the Bidvest Group Limited on May 10 1992. Director of numerous Bidvest subsidiaries, Chairman of the Bidvest South Africa divisions and Chairman of Bidvest Namibia. During his Bidvest career he has been Group Operations Director, Managing Director of Bidvest Steiner and was responsible for forming the Bidvest Services division in 1994. In February 2011, Lindsay was appointed CEO of Bidvest South Africa and in May 2016 was appointed CEO of the Bidvest Group Limited after the unbundling of The Bidvest Food Division. Executive directors Hans Peter Meijer (60) B. Compt , MBL Group financial director Appointed: May 23 2016 Peter joined the Bidvest Corporate office in 1990, then in 1995 moved into a subsidiary divisional financial role as financial director of Steiner, appointed as financial director of the Bidserv Division in 2001, and finally the Bidvest SA Division in 2011. Peter serves on all SA divisional boards and divisional audit committees, and was appointed to the Bidvest Group Board as Group financial director on May 23 2016. Anthony William Dawe (50) CA( SA) Chief executive of Bidvest Freight Appointed: June 28 2006 . Director of numerous Bidvest subsidiaries. Anthony has many years' experience in the freight industry with most of those years focused in the South African port environment. Prior to this, Anthony's finance experience was in London and for one of the large accounting firms in South Africa. Nompumelelo ( Mpumi ) Themekile Madisa (37) B.Comm (Hons) Economics and BSc. Economics and Mathematics, MM in Finance and Investment Masters in Finance and Investment Executive director Appointed: December 4 2013 . Mpumi was previously chief director in the Gauteng provincial government. During her ten years in the Bidvest Group, she has held various senior management and executive board director positions such as general manager business development, divisional director business development, corporate affairs director and sales and marketing director. Director of numerous Bidvest subsidiaries. Executive directors Brian Joffe | Group chief executive Age: 68 Qualification: CA(SA) Appointed: March 1 1989 Bernard Larry Berson | Chief executive, Bidvest Foodservices Age: 50 Qualification: Australian CA Appointed: October 27 2003 David Edward Cleasby | Group financial director Age: 53 Qualification: CA(SA) Appointed: July 9 2007 Anthony William Dawe | Chief executive, Bidvest Freight Age: 49 Qualification: CA(SA) Appointed: June 28 2006 Nompumelelo ( Mpumi ) Madisa | Executive director, Bidvest South Africa Age: 36 Qualification: BComm (Hons) Economics and BSc Economics and Mathematics, MM in Finance and Investment Appointed: December 4 2013 Gillian Claire McMahon | Executive director, Bidvest South Africa Age: 43 Qualification: BCom Hons Business Economics and Industrial Psychology, MCom Industrial Psychology Appointed: May 27 2015 Lindsay Peter Ralphs | Chief executive, Bidvest

Ocean Noise Pollution Essay Example

Ocean Noise Pollution Essay Example Ocean Noise Pollution Paper Ocean Noise Pollution Paper For millions of years, the oceans have been filled with sounds from natural sources such as the squeaks, moans and clicks of whales and dolphins, the snapping of shrimp, the sound caused by wind upon the surface and even the occasional rumble from earthquakes. Over millions of years, the oceans marine species have developed into what they are today, with their own specialized acute hearing abilities, communication skills and echo location abilities at natural sound levels. Hearing is generally as important to many marine creatures as sight is for humans. The oceans once referred to as the The Silent World by Jacques Southeast, has now become an increasingly noisy place since the industrial age. According to Wisped, Noise Pollution is excessive, displeasing human, animal or machine-created environmental noise that disrupts the activity or balance of human or animal life. Noise pollution could also be defined as a type of energy pollution in which distracting, irritating, or damaging sounds are freely audible. As with other forms of energy pollution (such as heat and light pollution), noise pollution contaminants are not physical particles, but rather waves that interfere with durably-occurring waves of a similar type in the same environment. Thus, the definition of noise pollution is open to debate, and there is no clear border as to which sounds may constitute noise pollution. In the narrowest sense, sounds are considered noise pollution if they adversely affect wildlife, human activity, or are capable of damaging physical structures on a regular, repeating basis. Hearing is the universal alerting sense in all vertebrates. Sound is extremely important because animals are able to hear events all around them, no matter where their attention is focused. Sound travels far greater distances than light under water. Light travels only a few hundred meters in the ocean before it is absorbed or scattered. Even where light is available, it is more difficult to see as far under water as in air, limiting vision in the marine environment It is similar to looking through fog on land. So, the best opportunity for long-range vision underwater especially in murky water is to swim beneath objects and see their silhouettes. In consequence, most marine animals rely on sound for survival and depend on unique adaptations hat enable them to communicate, protect themselves, locate food, and navigate underwater. Animals change the rate of sound production and the structure of the sounds to send different messages. Underwater sound allows marine animals to gather information and communicate at great distances and from all directions. The speed of sound determines the delay between when a sound is made and when it is heard. The speed of underwater sound is five times faster than sounds traveling in air. Sound travels much further underwater than in air. Thus marine animals can perceive sound coming from such further distances than terrestrial animals. Because the sound travels faster, they also receive the sounds after much shorter delays (for the same distance). It is no surprise that marine mammals have evolved many different uses for sounds. Marine mammals, such as whales, use sound to identify objects such as food, obstacles, and other whales. By emitting clicks, or short pulses of sound, marine mammals can listen for echoes and detect prey items, or navigate around objects. This animal sense functions just like the sonar systems on navy ships. It is clear that producing and hearing sound is ITIL to marine mammal survival. Whales and dolphins are celebrated for their sounds, but many species of fish and marine invertebrates also use sound. Fish produce various sounds, including grunt, croaks, clicks, and snaps, which are used to attract mates as well as ward off predators. For the taffies, sound production is very important in courtship rituals. Sound is produced by the male taffies to attract the female for mating and is especially important in the murky waters that taffies inhabit where sight is limited. Ashes also produce sound when feeding. When a fish eats hard food, such as coral, it will produce a sound. Fishes sometimes gnash their teeth without the presence of food, which may be a way to scare away predators. As you can see, sound is very important to its underwater inhabitants. It allows them to navigate, to hear approaching predators and prey, and is a way of communicating with other members of the same species. There are a lot of sources of noise in the marine environment. Naturally occurring noises include underwater volcanic eruptions and storms. Background noise in the ocean is produced by reeking waves, wind and rain, and by the huge number of small crustaceans and other animals. A typical background noise level is about 100 decibels (db), which is about the same in energy terms as 40 db in air. Wind and waves in storms, and choruses from fish and invertebrate can increase this level to about 1 20 db. Measurements show that the Pacific Ocean is still relatively quiet and that most of its background noise is produced by wind and by marine creatures. This is in contrast to the Atlantic Ocean, where most of the background noise is from the churning propellers of ocean-going ships. There are also several man-made (anthropogenic) sources of ocean noise, some of which are the unintended by products of human activity (e. G. Sell propulsion), while others are produced for a specific purpose (e. G. Military sonar). Whales, dolphins and porpoises today face a wealth of man-made threats including hunting, ship strikes, entanglement in fishing gear and issues arising from climate change. However, one man-made threat that is not as commonly acknowledged as others is ocean noise pollution. This is partly due to the fact that it is not a visible threat, so can be easily overlooked. The noi se becomes problematic and highly hazardous when it is man-made. In the past several years many studies have shown that man-made ocean noise emanating from such sources as are military sonar equipment, ship traffic, and underwater drilling, commercial shipping seismic surveys for Oil and gas exploration, mineral and aggregate extraction, construction (e. G. Drilling, dredging and explosions), acoustic deterrent and harassment devices(e. G. Pincers on fishing nets used to deter predators) and recreational activities(e. G. Boating). Noise pollution in the oceans has been shown to cause hysterical and behavioral changes in marine life, especially in dolphins and whales, which rely on sound for daily activities. However, low frequency sound produced by large scale, offshore activities is also suspected to have the capacity to cause harm to other marine life as well. It can also cause hemorrhage or other trauma to the marine mammals auditory system, sometimes leading to permanent hearing loss, and, indirectly, death. It also causes displacement from their natural habitat, disruption of feeding, breeding, nursing, and other behaviors vital to the species survival. Some of he sounds produced by these man-made sources can travel for hundreds of kilometers in marine environment, potentially affecting many marine animals over a huge are. The growing amount of human noise pollution in the ocean could lead fish away from good habitat and off to their death, according to new research from a KICK-led team working on the Great Barrier Reef. Noise pollution might also severely affect the distribution offish, and their ability to reproduce, communicate and avoid predators. For example, some studies have reported that Atlantic herring, cod and blue-fin tuna flee sounds and school less coherently in noisy environments. That could mean that fish distributions are being affected, as fish avoid places polluted by man-made noise. Not only can squids and octopuses sense sound, but as it turns out, these and other so-called asphodels might be harmed by growing noise pollution in our oceans?from sources such as offshore drilling, ship motors, sonar use and pile driving. Giant squid, for example, were found along the shores of Austria, Spain in 2001 and 2003 following the use of air guns by offshore vessels and examinations eliminated all known causes of lesions in Hess species, suggesting that the squid deaths could be related to excessive sound exposure. The effects of noise pollution on whales depend, among other things, on the distance the whales are from the source of the noise. If the sound is very powerful and close to the animals it could well bring about permanent ear damage, internal injuries, and even death. Even sounds less powerful can induce temporary deafness, as was shown by studies carried out on seals, dolphins and belugas in captivity. Knowing just how dependent whales are on sounds, there is much cause for concern. During March of 000, at least 17 whales stranded themselves in the Bahamas and the population of beaked whales in this region disappeared. A federal investigation identified testing of a U. S. Ana active sonar system as the cause. There are many things we can do to decrease ocean noise, Ocean Link, an organization dedicated to ocean education, says on its website. The first would be to simply recognize that there is a noise problem in the oceans, which some governments have begun to do. With formal recognition, it may be possible for national and international agencies to work together to help reduce this problem. For any new policies regarding ocean noise, scientists should follow the precautionary principal to ensure that no further harm will come to marine mammals. From this perspective, governments should adopt legislation with the habitats of marine mammals in mind, ensuring that important areas would receive the least impact possible. While these may come too late for hundreds of sea animals that have already been damaged by underwater noise, with the right and concerted action, the seas may resonate with the sounds of whale songs, not the human-produced lethal noises of engines and machinery.

Causes of school Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Causes of school Violence - Essay Example In this paper, I am going to argue that domestic abuse, anger, overcrowded schools, medical problems, and gang activities cause school violence. First, school violence is caused by domestic violence. This is because the students who face a lot of domestic violence at home become violent too. Domestic violence include insults and physical violence. The students who face this problem at home become violent and therefore become dangerous at school. Students who are abused at home carry this violent attitude to their school and start molesting the other students (â€Å"School Violence† web). Such students accept domestic violence as a way of life and thus they see it as normal to molest fellow students in school. The schools that have many students are likely to have more violence. Overcrowded schools especially the schools that are in low income areas report many cases of school violence. We can argue that overcrowding in schools makes it difficult for teachers and school management to control students. Therefore, the students get the chance to molest and beat other students since it is difficult to catch them (â€Å"Constitutional Rights Foundation† web). Maintaining discipline in overcrowded schools is also difficult and thus, many students will have discipline issues which results to school violence. It is also true that overcrowded schools get students from poor and low income families. It is claimed that â€Å"Race and ethnicity, income levels, and other measurable elements have often been singled out by public heath experts as risk factors that can contribute to anti-social behavior, from smoking and drinking to violent behavior and suicide† (â€Å"Constitutional Rights Foundation† web). For example, children from low income families and slums attend overcrowded schools. Since there is a lot of violence in low income families and slum neighborhoods, students coming from these neighborhoods bring violence

Corporate Culture and Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Corporate Culture and Performance - Essay Example While organizational values relate to employees, profit, customers, stakeholders, community, and the like, individual goals will relate to fairness, honesty, trust, respect, quality, and cooperation. These are precisely the values that are inherent in the organizational values statement. Alone, these organizational values are far too general and open to interpretation. It is easy to forget the particular and complicated nature of human moral experience (Kotter, 2003). Thinking about and discussing the ethical implications of a goal is more practical and valuable than using a list of values or ethical models. Acting on the ethical implications is even more valuable. Ethical action in modern organizations is the relentless effort to make values a part of the goal-setting equation. Where the managers go wrong, however, is in expecting more from these values than they can deliver. it s organizational culture reflects unique industry requirements and customers' expectations. Each application deals with the realities of a particular goal and how to accomplish it. It is possible to say that new changes will be influenced by old principles of work and will need a new set of principles for further change. In this case, corporate culture is the real foundation on which organizational ethics is built.

Cell Membrane Structure Phospholipid Bilayer

Cell Membrane Structure Phospholipid Bilayer A cell is the basic unit of life, and the cell membrane is an important structure present in all cells, irrespective of whether they are plant cells or animal cells. This structure is a vital component of any cell and it has a variety of important functions. Cell membrane functions include maintaining the boundaries of the cells, thus supporting the contents of the cell, maintaining proper cell to cell contact, regulating the entry and exit of molecules in and out of the cell, etc. Thus, to understand how the cell membrane manages to carry out this procedure, one needs to understand the cell membrane structure. Given below are the various components that comprise the structure of the cell membrane according to the Fluid Mosaic model. The first layer of cell membrane consists of a phosphid bilayer. The phosphate molecules are arranged in such a way that the hydrophilic heads are on the outside, while the hydrophobic fatty acid tails are on the inside, facing each other. The tails of the molecule are said to be hydrophobic and that is why they points inwardly towards each other. This specific arrangement of the lipid bilayer is for the purpose of preventing the entry of polar solutes, like amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, etc. Thus, the phosphate lipid bilayer is one of the main factors responsible for regulating the entry and exit of molecules in and out of the cell. Integral Membrane Proteins Integral membrane proteins are those proteins that are a part of the cell membrane structure. They are present between consecutive molecules of phopholipids. These fibrous proteins present may span the entire length of the cell membrane. These molecules have important functions, as they serve as receptors for the cell. Some of the proteins of the cell membrane may also enter the cell. Sometimes, a part of the protein molecule is inside and some of it is outside. These kind of protein molecules act as carriers for active transport of substances in and out of the cell. Some of these protein molecules form pores and thus, allow fatty acids and other lipid insoluble in water molecules to pass through. Furthermore, other integral proteins serve as channel proteins as well to aid in selective transport of ions in and out of the cell. Such molecules are visible with the help of an electron microscopy. Other Elements Certain other elements may also be present along the length of the cell membrane, depending on the location and needs of the cell. These structures include globular proteins, which are peripherally placed and are only at times associated with the cell. These protein molecules may even be enzymes or glycoproteins. In such cases, either the cell will have special functions, or the location of the cell may require it to perform certain specific functions. When speaking of plant cell vs animal cell, there is one important structure that is additionally present most of the time in animal cells. These molecules are cholesterol molecules, which aid the phospholipids in making the membrane impermeable to water soluble substances. These cholesterol molecules also stabilize the membrane and provide the cell with a cushion effect, which prevents it from suffering any major injuries due to trauma and impact forces. Cell Membrane Function Cell membrane is the outer covering of a cell, which keep the ingredients of a cell intact. Apart from that, there are various other functions, that are carried out by this structure. Read on It is a common fact that cells are the fundamental building blocks of life. These structures form the basic structural and functional unit of any living thing. While some organisms, like, bacteria are single-celled, most other living things are multicellular. In case of multicellular organisms like humans (an adult human has around 100 trillion cells in the body), there are various types of cells, which are assigned different functions. Each cell is made of intricate structures, which forms an interconnected network, which strives to carry out the function of that cell. As the nature of the function of the cells differ, the functions of various parts of the cells too differ. Let us take a look at the various parts of a cell, especially, the cell membrane and cell membrane function. Cell Membrane and Other Parts of a Cell Basically there are two types of cells eukaryotic and prokaryotic. While plants, animals, fungi, protozoans, etc. possess eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells are found in bacteria only. The difference between the two types of cells lie in the fact that prokaryotic cells do not have nucleus (and/or some other organelles) and are comparatively smaller, as compared to eukaryotic ones. As far as eukaryotic cells are concerned, the basic structure includes parts like DNA, ribosomes, vesicle, endoplasmic reticulum (both rough and smooth), Golgi apparatus, cytoskeleton, mitochondria, vacuole, centrioles, lysosome, cytoplasm, plasma membrane and cell wall. While plant cells have a large vacuole and a definite cell wall, animal cells lack cell wall but some may have very small vacuoles. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts too. This article is about cell membrane, which is also known as plasma membrane or plasmalemma. Scroll down for information about cell membrane function. Read more on: Similarities Between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells Plant Cell vs Animal Cell Plant Cell Organelles What is a Cell Membrane? Cell membrane or plasma membrane is one of the vital parts of a cell that encloses and protects the constituents of a cell. It separates the interior of a cell from outside environment. It is like a covering that encloses the different organelles of the cell and the fluid that harbors these organelles. To be precise, cell membrane physically separates the contents of the cell from the outside environment, but, in plants, fungi and some bacteria, there is a cell wall that surrounds the cell membrane. However, the cell wall acts as a solid mechanical support only. The actual function of cell membrane is the same in both cases and it is not much altered by the mere presence of a cell wall. The cell membrane is made of two layers of phospholipids and each phospholipid molecule has a head and a tail region. The head region is called hydrophilic (attraction towards water molecules) and the tail ends are known as hydrophobic (repels water molecules). Both layers of phospholipids are arrange d so that the head regions form the outer and inner surface of the cell membrane and the tail ends come close in the center of the cell membrane. Other than phospholipids, cell membrane contains lots of protein molecules, which are embedded in the phospholipid layer. All these constituents of the cell membrane work jointly to carry out its function. The following paragraph deals with cell membrane function. Read more on cell nucleus: structure and functions and cytoplasm function in a cell. What is the Function of the Cell Membrane? As mentioned above, one of the basic functions of a cell membrane is to act like a protective outer covering for the cell. Apart from this, there are many other important cell membrane functions, that are vital for the functioning of the cell. The following are some of the cell membrane functions. Cell membrane anchors the cytoskeleton (a cellular skeleton made of protein and contained in the cytoplasm) and gives shape to the cell. Cell membrane is responsible for attaching the cell to the extracellular matrix (non living material that is found outside the cells), so that the cells group together to form tissues. Another important cell membrane function is the transportation of materials needed for the functioning of the cell organelles. Cell membrane is semi permeable and controls the in and out movements of substances. Such movement of substances may be either at the expense of cellular energy or passive, without using cellular energy. The protein molecules in the cell membrane receive signals from other cells or the outside environment and convert the signals to messages, that are passed to the organelles inside the cell. In some cells, the protein molecules in the cell membrane group together to form enzymes, which carry out metabolic reactions near the inner surface of the cell membrane. Read more on how do enzymes work. The proteins in the cell membrane also help very small molecules to get themselves transported through the cell membrane, provided, the molecules are traveling from a region with lots of molecules to a region with less number of molecules. Biological Membranes and the Cell Surface http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/f06pm/plasmamemb.jpg Membrane Functions Form specialized compartments by selective permeability Unique environment Creation of concentration gradients pH and charge (electrical, ionic) differences Asymmetric protein distribution Cell-Cell recognition Site for receptor molecule biding for cell signaling Receptor binds ligand (such as a hormone) Induces intracellular reactions Controls and regulates reaction sequences Product of one enzyme is the substrate for the next enzyme Can line up the enzymes in the proper sequence Membrane Structure According to the Fluid Mosaic Model of Singer and Nicolson http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/f06pm/fmm.jpg The membrane is a fluid mosaic of phospholipids and proteins Two main categories of membrane proteins integral and peripheral Peripheral proteins bound to the surface of the membrane Integral proteins permeate the surface of the membrane Membrane regions differ in protein configuration and concentration Outside vs. inside different peripheral proteins Proteins only exposed to one surface Proteins extend completely through exposed to both surfaces Membrane lipid layer fluid Proteins move laterally along membrane Membrane Lipids Phospholipids most abundant Phosphate may have additional polar groups such as choline, ethanolamine, serine, inositol These increase hydrophilicity Cholesterol a steroid Can comprise up to 50% of animal plasma membrane Hydrophilic OH groups toward surface Smaller than a phospholipid and less amphipathic (having both polar and non-polar regions of the molecule) Other molecules include ceramides and sphingolipds amino alcohols with fatty acid chains These lipids distributed asymmetrically Bilayer Formation Membrane components are Amphipathic (having both polar and non-polar regions of the molecule) Spontaneously form bilayers Hydrophilic portions face water sides Hydrophobic core Never have a free end due to cohesion Spontaneously reseal Fuse Liposome Circular bilayer surrounding water compartment Can form naturally or artificially Can be used to deliver drugs and DNA to cells Membrane Fluidity Membrane is Fluid Lipids have rapid lateral movement Lipids flip-flop extremely slowly Lipids asymmetrically distributed in membrane Different lipids in each side of bilayer Fluidity depends on lipid composition Saturated fatty acids All C-C bonds are single bonds Straight chain allows maximum interaction of fatty acid tails Make membrane less fliuid Solid at room temperature Bad Fats that clog arteries (animal fats) Unsaturated fatty acids Some C=C bond (double bonds) Bent chain keeping tails apart Make membrane more fluid Polyunsaturated fats have multiple double bonds and bends Liquid at room temperature Good Fats which do not clog arteries (vegetable fats) Cholesterol Reduces membrane fluidity by reducing phospholipid movement Hinders solidification at low (room) temperatures How Cells Regulate Membrane Fluidity Desaturate fatty acids Produce more unsaturated fatty acids Change tail length (the longer the tail, the less fluid the membrane) Membrane Carbohydrates Glycolipids and Glycoproteins Face away from cytoplasm (on outside of cell) Attached to protein or lipid Blood antigens Determine blood type bound to lipids (glycolipids) Glycoproteins Protein Receptors Provide specificity for cell-cell or cell-protein interactions (see below) Membrane Proteins Peripheral Proteins completely on membrane surface ionic and H-bond interactions with hydrophilic lipid and protein groups can be removed with high salt or alkaline Integral Proteins Possess hydrophobic domains which are anchored to hydrophobic lipids alpha helix more complex structure An Example Asymetry of Intestinal Epithelial Cell Membranes Apical surface selectively absorbs materials Contains specific transport proteins Lateral surface interacts with neighboring cells Contains junction proteins to allow cellular communication Basal surface sticks to extracellular matrix and exchanges with blood Contains proteins for anchoring The Extracellular Matrix (ECM) and Plant Cell Walls In animal cells, the ECM is a mish-mash of proteins (usually collagen) and gel-forming polysaccharides The ECM is connected to the cytoskeletin via Integrins and Fibronectins Plant Primary Cell Walls for a rigid cross-linked network of cellulose fibers and pectin a fiber composite Fiber composites resist tension and compression Plant Secondary Cell Walls are further strengthened w/ Lignin Secondary Cell Walls is basically what comprises wood Cell to Cell Attachments Tight Junctions and Desmosomes Tight Junctions are specialized proteins in the plasma membranes of adjacent animal cells they stitch together adjacent cells form a watertight cell Desmosomes are specialized connection protein complexes in animal cells they rivet cells together they are attached to the intermediate fibers of adjacent cells Cell Gaps Plasmodesmata Gap Junctions In plant cells, Plasmodesmata are gaps in the cell wall create direct connections between adjacent cells May contain proteins which regulate cell to cell exchange form a continuous cytoplasmic connection between cells called the symplast In animal cells, Gap Junctions are holes lined with specialized proteins allow cell-cell communication (this is what coordinates your heartbeat) Cell Communication In multi-cellular organism, cells can communicate via chemical messenger Three Stages of Cellular Communication Reception A chemical message (ligand) binds to a protein on the cell surfaceÂÂ   Transduction The binding of the signal molecule alters the receptor protein in some way. The signal usually starts a cascade of reactions known as a signal transduction pathway Response The transduction pathway finally triggers a response The responses can vary from turning on a gene, activating an enzyme, rearranging the cytoskeleton There is usually an amplification of the signal (one hormone can elicit the response of over 108 molecules No matter where they are located, signal receptors have several general characteristics signal receptors are specific to cell types (i.e. you wont find insulin receptors on bone cells) receptors are dynamic the number of receptors on a cell surface is variable the ability of a molecule to bind to the receptor is not fixed (i.e. it may decline w/ intense stimulation) receptors can be blocked Two Methods of Cell-Cell Communication Steroid Hormones can enter directly into a cell bind to receptors in the cytosol hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA, inducing change testosterone, estrogen, progesterone are examples of steroid hormones Signal Transduction conversion of signals from one form to another Very complicated pathways all are different! G Protein receptors G-proteins are called as such because they have GTP bound to them Receptors have inactive G-proteins associated with them When the signal binds to the receptor, the G-protein changes shape and becomes active (into the on configuration) The active G-protein binds to an enzyme which produces a secondary message Frequently, second messengers activate other messengers, creating a cascade G-protein signal transduction sequences are extremely common in animal systems embryonic development human vision and smell over 60% of all medications used today exert their effects by influencing G-protein pathways Tyrosine-Kinase Receptors Another Example of a Signal Transduction Pathway Tyrosine-Kinase Receptors often have a structure similar to the diagram below: http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/f06pm/tyro-kin02.jpg Part of the receptor on the cytoplasmic side serves as an enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups from ATP to the amino acid Tyrosine on a substrate protein The activation of a Tyrosine-Kinase Receptor occurs as follows: Two signal molecule binds to two nearby Tyrosine-Kinase Receptors, causing them to aggregate, forming a dimer The formation of a dimer activated the Tyrosine-Kinase portion of each polypeptide The activated Tyrosine-Kinases phosphorylate the Tyrosine residues on the protein The activated receptor protein is now recognized by specific relay proteins They bind to the phosphorylated tyrosines, which cause, you guessed it, a conformation change. The activated relay protein can then trigger a cellular response One activated Tyrosine-Kinase dimer can activate over ten different relay proteins, each which triggers a different response The ability of one ligand binding event to elicit so many response pathways is a key difference between these receptors and G-protein-linked receptors (that, and the absence of G- proteins of course) Abnormal Tyrosine-Kinases that aggregate without the binding of a ligand have been linked with some forms of cancer Signal Transduction Shutdown Most signal-transduction/hormone systems are designed to shut down rapidly Enzymes called phosphatases remove the phosphate groups from secondary messengers in the cascade This will shut down the signal transduction pathway at least until another signal is received

Analysis of “Time Talks, with an Accent” by Robert Levine

In the article, â€Å"Time Talks, with an Accent', author Robert Levine explores a cross cultural contrasts in the idea of time, called ‘social time'. He discovers that this concept includes the components of waiting, rushing; being early or late; as well as the past, present and future. He chose to be a professor of social psychology so that he could manage his own time. While teaching in Brazil, he discovers the concept of amanha, which signifies that everything that can be postponed, should be.He observes that not one clock in the city of Niteroi is accurate and students arriving to his class are casual about when class began and ended, which contrasts with how Americans relate to time. Levine has numerous mishaps with amanha during his stay. When he consults his department chair about the issue, she arrives late for their appointment. His students come and go to appointments without reason. Levine then tries to use what he has learned about amanha when his landlord runs la te. Levine runs an errand and misses the appointment and angers the landlord for keeping him waiting.Levine concludes that the understanding of time concepts are a part of larger, cultural values. He outlines the work of Edward Hall, a social anthropologist whose work focused on what he called the †the silent language† (30) of time, which is unspoken, yet easily learned by children. Understanding this silent language is vital for the success of a foreigner living abroad. Since his time in Brazil, Levine has focused on the concept of punctuality and its effects on the health of people and society. He has found great diversity in the concept of time, among cultures and within countries.

Ethical Problems associated to Information Technology Essay

Information technology has been continuously booming with new technological products that create a more diverse information environment. There have been dramatic changes associated with the IT, and these changes create ethical problems and upheavals that usually have something to do with ethics. True, there has been technological development in the arena—one that occurs â€Å"when either the technological paradigm is elaborated in terms of improved concepts, theories, and methods, or in instances of the paradigm are improved† (Moor, 2008, p. 27), such as in terms of efficiency, effectiveness, and safety. This creates an enormous social impact, and it has led to a technological revolution that considerably takes time and is difficult to predict. Information technology has gone over the introduction stage and the permeation stage. We are on the power stage wherein the technology is readily available, affecting people directly and indirectly. This creates an impact that is superbly enormous; yet, there are always the ethical problems that springs forth in the arena. Ethical problems that surround the self-identity, anonymity, and privacy of a person are always attached when it comes to IT. The technological revolution has a large-scale effect that transforms the society, while affecting the manner in which the society functions (Moor, 2008, p. 29). It is evident that open technological revolutions in open societies still need some enhancements, so that the ethical problems would be controlled and maximized. Main Body There are a number of important issues that surround the technological paradigm of IT, especially in relation to ethics. Some of these are in the form of self-identity, anonymity, as well as privacy. There are also other unethical issues (e. g. , cheating, hacking, wardriving) that are attached to the technological paradigm of IT. Ethical problems in self-identity The self-identity is being constructed according to how the individual interacts with the society and with himself or herself. In the social landscape of modernity, there are numerous major changes in the external social environment that affects the individual during this social transformation. In the age of the IT, people get to have the capacity to reconstruct the universe through the everyday realities and circumstances that take place in their specific worlds. It is a continuous state of affairs that largely creates the self-identity and the personal feelings attached to this paradigm. This new sense of identity are being formed with the intrusion of the IT in a person’s life, and people get to have personal relationship even with people who are unknown to them—people who suddenly pop out in their computer’s screens, with names that may or may not be factual. Personal relationships help form the self-identity, offering opportunities for self-expression and the self-renewal. According to Giddens (1991), The modern world is a ‘runaway world’: not only is the pace of social change much faster than in any prior system, so also is its scope, and the profoundness with which it affects pre-existing social practices and modes of behavior. (Giddens, 1991, p. 16) With this, it is apparent that the IT becomes an active component in the continuous transformation of a person’s identity, as it creates and affects the social practices and the modes of a person’s behavior. Thus, problems that affect the personal life of the individual could affect not only the self-identity, but the social practices and the environment as a whole. Ethical problems in terms of anonymity and privacy, for example, can lead to an identity that is blemished because of unethical conduct. Despite the fact that people always carry discursive interpretations of their behavior, this practical consciousness drives the person into creating or destroying the ontological security of human activity in a culture. As an effect, people tend to write comments anonymously while hiding their true identities. Ethical problems in anonymity According to the article that Richard Perez-Pena (2010) wrote entitled ‘News Sites Rethink Anonymous Online Comments’, it says that Internet users usually make use of the digital disguise, revealing their power and their sentiments without acknowledging their true identities to the viewers. This constitutes a sort of freedom for the digital users, and this is most typical in news sites, wherein the viewers are allowed to post comments without indicating their true identities, keeping their privacy in a world that is being presented in public. As indicated in the article, â€Å"Anyone could weigh in and remain anonymous† (Perez-Pena, 2010, p. 1), and this leads to the question on whether or not viewers of Internet sites should be allowed to remain anonymous when dictating their comments and suggestions. This is a very significant ethical problem associated to IT, since it has been ethically accepted that any type of idea or sentiment should be associated to the respectful person who has formed the idea. According to Arianna Huffington, founder of The Huffington Post, Anonymity is just the way things are done. It’s an accepted part of the Internet, but there’s no question that people hide behind anonymity to make vile or controversial comments. (Perez-Pena, 2010, p. 1) It has, therefore, been advised that viewers should indicate their factual names, especially when making a significant commentary about the society. They should use their real names, and this may be done by requiring people to register first before posting their commentaries. Ethical problems in privacy According to the article that Scott Rosenberg (2010) wrote entitled ‘Online Comments Need Moderation, Not Real Names’, there is also the statement that defines how newspaper website managers have been reacting in terms of anonymity and privacy keeping. As stated, â€Å"If only they could make people sign their real names, surely the atmosphere would improve† (Rosenberg, 2010, p. 1). Online conversation spaces make media outlets turn the common software on and then leave them as it is, as if the discussions would â€Å"magically take care of themselves† (Rosenberg, 2010, p. 1). The problem, however, is that the commenters should not be faceless and should carry identities that are open for the other viewers. This problem is in the identity system, with the Web having no identity system that would ethically reconnect the idea to the person who has declared it. As stated in the article, The Web has no identity system, and though the FBI can track you down if the provocation is dire enough, and if you get editors mad enough they can track you down, too, most media companies aren’t going to waste the time and money. (Rosenberg, 2010, p. 1) Ethical privacy problems can also be in the form of ‘hacking’ or â€Å"using unauthorized access to an information system† (Floridi, 2008, p. 43). This indulges privacy and confidentiality. Conclusion There are other ethical problems associated with the IT of the modern social world, such as using the new technology in order to cheat one’s taxes, or deviating the user from his or her true name or identity. It can also be in the form of wardriving wherein people try to connect wirelessly to other people’s networks (Moor, 2008, p. 33). All these unethical conducts can create an enormous social impact that leads to technological revolution that can contract IT in its power stage. With proper management, it can develop the IT into something that is more powerful and enormous, without the ethical problems that have large-scale effects on the society. It is evident, therefore, that open societies through the IT still need some enhancements, so that the ethical problems would be controlled and maximized. References Floridi, L. (2008). Information ethics: its nature and scope. In Eds. Jeroen van den Hoven and John Weckert’s Information technology and moral philosophy. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and self-identity: self and society in the late modern age. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Moor, J. (2008). Why we need better ethics for emerging technologies. In Eds. Jeroen van den Hoven and John Weckert’s Information technology and moral philosophy. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Perez-Pena, R. (2010, April 11). News sites rethink anonymous online comments. Retrieved May 7, 2010, from The New York Times Company database: http://www. nytimes. com/2010/04/12/technology/12comments. html. Rosenberg, S. (2010, April 13). Online comments need moderation, not real names. Retrieved May 7, 2010, from Salon Media Group, Inc. database: http://www. salon. com/news/feature/2010/04/13/newspaper_online_comments_moderation_open2010.

Review on Paynes Ive got the Light of Freedom - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 508 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2018/12/18 Category History Essay Type Book review Level High school Tags: Development Essay Did you like this example? The book Ive Got the Light of Freedom by Charles M. Paynes is a very educative book with a lot of information since it a book with the contents on organizing, something which is necessary to every individuals regarding the normal activities. We realize that this book highlights the families organizations that are enhanced togetherness during that movement at that time[footnoteRef:1]. Payne bases his argument his manner of describing the struggles that the African American went through while they were fighting for their civil rights during the 20th century. [1: Payne, Charles M. Ive got the light of freedom: The organizing tradition and the Mississippi freedom struggle. Univ of California Press, 2007. The book is an important focus on an analysis how the freedom movement was carried out from a different dimensions as well as the efforts against how the African American people were oppressed. It brings out clearly how factors like strategic organization and the organizing dy namics between the whites and the blacks seems to be the main themes and factors for success. The fact that this was during a movement on fights for civil rights then, we see how the organizations brought into being by the Ella baker/septima school which clearly shows the importance of being organized to an extend of developing leadership[footnoteRef:2]. This is something very encouraging since leadership to them implies that someone is responsible for them to come up together in order to develop strategies as well as personal leadership. Paynes brings it clearly to show how such strategies are of much value not only in such an activity that sees the struggle for freedom by the millions of people but also its value in our day to day activities. [2: Payne, Charles M. Ive got the light of freedom: The organizing tradition and the Mississippi freedom struggle. Univ of California Press, 2007. From Paynes book, the theme of change tends to be clear from his argument as brought about i nformation on so many aspects[footnoteRef:3]. We find out he brings out some of the downfalls also known to be a snowball effect, of the success of the various activism at that time. These struggles as seen through the various activists are what results to their use of knowledge at the same time some of the organizations such as SNCC got advantage on this information through guidance. It is through this that through such information and guidance, organizations easily pick up well and with much energy that results to greater growths. Everyone develops and are in transformation towards better leadership. This has greatly been recommended by Paynes who has seen tactics for progress that brings change where change seems to be the main theme. [3: Payne, Charles M. Ive got the light of freedom: The organizing tradition and the Mississippi freedom struggle. Univ of California Press, 2007.] Critique tends to be based around on what clearly the book doesnt come out very well. The history of such a movement especially in 1963 we realize that a lot of information during this time wasnt brought out very clear. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Review on Paynes Ive got the Light of Freedom" essay for you Create order